Global antimony supply risk assessment through the industry chain

Antimony is a type of critical metal for the energy transition. The antimony industry chain distributed among major developed and developing countries around world. With development clean technology, demand in photovoltaic storage fields will increase significantly. Considering significant changes global products serious supply shortage, people should pay more attention to risk related chain. In this paper, we propose new integrated index evaluate products, including Herfindahl Hirschman index, governance human innovation betweenness centrality complex networks. Meanwhile, seven commodities are selected empirical analysis from 2011 2019. results show that with high risks upstream include Canada, France, Germany, India, Japan, Thailand, United Kingdom. And, Australia, Vietnam midstream Thailand downstream risks. Some countries, like China, States, play core role different sectors International competitive relations have caused shows must strengthen industrial division cooperation maximize their interests. It suggested take country-specific measures mitigate risks, establishing national inventories materials, overseas investment, strengthening guidance policies, accelerating infrastructure construction.